Electrochemical Detection, UV Wavelength, Evaporative Light Scattering Detector, Electrochemical Selectivity, Chromotography Data Systems, Blood Lead Poisoning Analysis, Metabolome and Metabonomics for Drug Discovery Process
Electrochemical Detection
ESA Biosciences, Inc. is a global supplier of analytical instruments and kits for the biomedical research, drug discovery and clinical diagnostic markets. ESA is leading the way in life science and diagnostic research through the use of superior separations with high sensitivity detection that improve the quality of health care. The company provides specialized LC components, innovative software products, advanced detectors, accessories, pre-prepared reagents, expert technical assistance and analysis services. ECD (Electrochemical Detection) is the acknowledged standard for highly sensitive and selective detection in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Coulochem® III Electrochemical Detection Platform To readily quantify picogram to femtogram levels of oxidizable or reducible compounds in a sample, an ECD is the HPLC detector of choice. Of all the detectors used with HPLC, not one is as sensitive, selective and with as wide a dynamic range as an electrochemical detector. Coulochem's integrated Organizer module is designed to save bench space and provide a protected environment for columns and cells. The Coulochem III is compatible with all current ESA sensors and will be the platform for future sensor developments. The Coulochem III detector relies upon the electroactive nature of molecules that can be either oxidized or reduced. Although fluorescence or UV detection may readily measure many of these compounds, liquid chromatography combined with electrochemical detection provides a more sensitive and selective alternative Coulochem III Highlights Both Coulometric and Amperometric detection Available with DC and/or Pulse/Scan modes(or both) Compatible with all HPLC columns(Normal to Capillary) More than 2 times less electronic noise than an ESA 5200A CoulArray® with Your HPLC systemSimplifying Complex Analytical Problems You may already have part of a Coulometric array system. It's your HPLC. Add the CoulArray detector and you have a uniquely powerful, cost-effective system for even your most challenging analytical tasks. With the CoulArray detector, you can generate comprehensive data from a single sample. Measurements of compounds can easily be performed over six orders of magnitude in concentration, even in the presence of co-eluting analytes or matrix effects. Quality Control, Drug Discovery, Drug Stability, Determination of Physiological Activity Pharmaceutical - From quality control to drug discovery, the inherent sensitivity and selectivity of the CoulArray enable measurement of vanishingly small quantities of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, even in complex samples. Applications include novel drugs discovery in natural products, assessment of drug stability and determination of physiological activity. Food and Natural Products - The CoulArray's ability to measure low levels of non-volatile flavonoids and phenolics can provide a competitive advantage by profiling the characteristic qualities of products, determining their integrity and evaluating competitors' products. Neuroscience - The measurement of neurotransmitters, simultaneous monoamines, and amino acids are just some of the examples of the neuroscience applications of the CoulArray. Environmental - Analysis in the environmental lab is enhanced by the ability to screen for a large number of compounds, such as pesticides and herbicides, where the allowable limits are below those readily measurable by other analytical techniques. In addition, the analysis of low levels of explosive compounds is becoming increasingly important in site characterization projects. Areas of Research - Coulometric Array Technology Toxicology Cancer Research Forensics Oxidative Metabolism The Coulometric Electrode The cells for commercially available electrochemical detectors (ECDs) for HPLC usually consist of three electrodes, the working, counter and reference electrodes. These electrodes can be aligned in several different geometries. Most ECDs can be divided into one of three basic designs based upon how the eluent from the chromatographic column impinges upon the working electrode's surface. Electrode Efficiency, Sensitivity and Stability Amperometric "thin-layer" working electrodes typically oxidize (or reduce) <10% of an electrochemically reactive species passing over them. This level of efficiency is a direct consequence of two factors. First, there is limited diffusion to the working electrode's surface, where reactions occur. This means that a molecule has to be in "the right place at the right time" if it is going to react and be measured. Second, at the typical flow rates used in HPLC most molecules will be swept through the detector without the possibility of reacting at the working electrode's surface. Consequently, the signal obtained from amperometric sensors is notoriously dependent upon the flow rate. Coulometric electrodes typically oxidize (or reduce) up to 100% of an electrochemically reactive species passing through them. This extreme efficiency is a direct consequence of minimizing the diffusion distance so that regardless of the direction in which a molecule diffuses, once it is in the electrode matrix, it is bound to encounter the working electrode's surface and react. Consequently, the signal obtained from a coulometric sensor is independent of the flow rates typically used in HPLC. SelectivityAnother advantage of the coulometric electrode is the enhanced selectivity observed when two or more of these electrodes are placed in series. Because the coulometric electrode measures signal from 100% of an analyte undergoing electrolysis none of the analyte is left to react at subsequent downstream electrodes. Consequently, if two compounds are unresolved chromatographically then, as long as their half-wave potentials differ by as little as 60mV, they can be resolved voltammetrically. Thin-layer amperometric electrodes cannot be used in this fashion as unreacted analyte would spill over onto subsequent electrodes thereby ruining any voltammetric resolution.
ESA Biosciences, Inc. is a global supplier of analytical instruments and kits for the biomedical research, drug discovery and clinical diagnostic markets. ESA is leading the way in life science and diagnostic research through the use of superior separations with high sensitivity detection that improve the quality of health care. The company provides specialized LC components, innovative software products, advanced detectors, accessories, pre-prepared reagents, expert technical assistance and analysis services.
ECD (Electrochemical Detection) is the acknowledged standard for highly sensitive and selective detection in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
To readily quantify picogram to femtogram levels of oxidizable or reducible compounds in a sample, an ECD is the HPLC detector of choice. Of all the detectors used with HPLC, not one is as sensitive, selective and with as wide a dynamic range as an electrochemical detector.
Coulochem's integrated Organizer module is designed to save bench space and provide a protected environment for columns and cells.
The Coulochem III is compatible with all current ESA sensors and will be the platform for future sensor developments.
The Coulochem III detector relies upon the electroactive nature of molecules that can be either oxidized or reduced. Although fluorescence or UV detection may readily measure many of these compounds, liquid chromatography combined with electrochemical detection provides a more sensitive and selective alternative
Coulochem III Highlights
CoulArray® with Your HPLC systemSimplifying Complex Analytical Problems
You may already have part of a Coulometric array system. It's your HPLC. Add the CoulArray detector and you have a uniquely powerful, cost-effective system for even your most challenging analytical tasks.
With the CoulArray detector, you can generate comprehensive data from a single sample. Measurements of compounds can easily be performed over six orders of magnitude in concentration, even in the presence of co-eluting analytes or matrix effects.
Pharmaceutical - From quality control to drug discovery, the inherent sensitivity and selectivity of the CoulArray enable measurement of vanishingly small quantities of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, even in complex samples. Applications include novel drugs discovery in natural products, assessment of drug stability and determination of physiological activity.
Food and Natural Products - The CoulArray's ability to measure low levels of non-volatile flavonoids and phenolics can provide a competitive advantage by profiling the characteristic qualities of products, determining their integrity and evaluating competitors' products.
Neuroscience - The measurement of neurotransmitters, simultaneous monoamines, and amino acids are just some of the examples of the neuroscience applications of the CoulArray.
Environmental - Analysis in the environmental lab is enhanced by the ability to screen for a large number of compounds, such as pesticides and herbicides, where the allowable limits are below those readily measurable by other analytical techniques. In addition, the analysis of low levels of explosive compounds is becoming increasingly important in site characterization projects.
The cells for commercially available electrochemical detectors (ECDs) for HPLC usually consist of three electrodes, the working, counter and reference electrodes. These electrodes can be aligned in several different geometries. Most ECDs can be divided into one of three basic designs based upon how the eluent from the chromatographic column impinges upon the working electrode's surface.
Electrode Efficiency, Sensitivity and Stability
Amperometric "thin-layer" working electrodes typically oxidize (or reduce) <10% of an electrochemically reactive species passing over them. This level of efficiency is a direct consequence of two factors. First, there is limited diffusion to the working electrode's surface, where reactions occur. This means that a molecule has to be in "the right place at the right time" if it is going to react and be measured. Second, at the typical flow rates used in HPLC most molecules will be swept through the detector without the possibility of reacting at the working electrode's surface. Consequently, the signal obtained from amperometric sensors is notoriously dependent upon the flow rate. Coulometric electrodes typically oxidize (or reduce) up to 100% of an electrochemically reactive species passing through them. This extreme efficiency is a direct consequence of minimizing the diffusion distance so that regardless of the direction in which a molecule diffuses, once it is in the electrode matrix, it is bound to encounter the working electrode's surface and react. Consequently, the signal obtained from a coulometric sensor is independent of the flow rates typically used in HPLC.
SelectivityAnother advantage of the coulometric electrode is the enhanced selectivity observed when two or more of these electrodes are placed in series. Because the coulometric electrode measures signal from 100% of an analyte undergoing electrolysis none of the analyte is left to react at subsequent downstream electrodes. Consequently, if two compounds are unresolved chromatographically then, as long as their half-wave potentials differ by as little as 60mV, they can be resolved voltammetrically. Thin-layer amperometric electrodes cannot be used in this fashion as unreacted analyte would spill over onto subsequent electrodes thereby ruining any voltammetric resolution.
HPLC Detection
UV detection is the most widely used, but fails to see many compounds of interest. Other, so-called universal detectors have fallen short of the promise of combining application versatility with real performance. What is HPLC Detection? Now there is an alternative unlike any other - the Corona™ Charged Aerosol Detector. Based on a unique, innovative detection method, the Corona detector offers all-in-one performance benefits that refractive index (RI), low wavelength UV, evaporative light scattering (ELS) and chemiluminescence’s nitrogen (CLN) detectors simply can't match: ChromaChem®- EVAPORATIVE LIGHT SCATTERING DETECTOR Evaporative Light Scattering Detection with the ChromaChem Detector Universal detection of non-volatile compounds Sensitive detection of weak chromophores (e.g., lipids, phosholipids, triglygerides, carbohydrates, polymers and pharmaceuticals) More sensitive than RI and low wavelength UV detection Compatible with gradient elution HPLC Low temperature evaporation for semi-volatile and thermosensitive analytes Compatible with aqueous mobile phases, even at high flow rates Response factors are less variable than RI, UV and MS High baseline stability- insensitive to temperature and flow variations Detection from Evaporative Light Scattering is based on the universal ability of particles to cause photon scattering when they traverse the path of a polychromatic beam of light. The liquid effluent from an HPLC is first nebulized and the resultant aerosol mist, containing the analyte particles, is directed through a light beam. Presence or Absence of Chromophores, Fluorophores or Electroactive Groups A signal is generated that is proportional to the mass present, and independent of the. Since essentially every compound can be separated by HPLC or micro-HPLC and detected by ELS, the ESA ChromaChem is the detector every chromatography laboratory should have. The Chromachem Evaporative Light Scattering detector is a mass sensitive device, which provides a response directly proportional to an analyte’s mass in the sample. The presence of functional groups or chromophores are not necessary for detection. Relative amounts of compounds can be easily assessed by evaporative light scattering technology. Any non-volatile analyte can be detected and gradient elution can be employed to optimize the separation, aqueous as well as solvent based mobile phases can be used to detect compounds that are not generally "seen" by other detection techniques. This detector can be used in conjunction with mass spectrometers to provide a complete analysis of the sample. The Chromachem's unique nebulization system and temperature controlled drift tube provides sensitivity, reliable and reproducible analysis. The unit's small footprint requires a minimum of bench space, allowing use in space limited conditions. MODEL 526 / 528 VARIABLE WAVELENGTH UV/VIS DETECTORS ESA’s Model 526 UV and Model 528 Variable Wavelength UV/VIS absorbance detectors are designed as modular HPLC detectors. Double-beam, variable wavelength capability Programmable wavelengths: 190 - 900 nm Easy-to-use Control Pad Available with a wide range of flow cells Automatic lamp startup/shutdown Pre-aligned lamps for easy changeover Remote autozero capability Optimized for use with ESA Coulometric electrochemical detection The Model 526/528 detectors provide extremely low operating noise levels to 0.6 x 10-5 AU. This performance can meet severe analytical requirements for higher sensitivity. The improved stability also ensures reliable analyses not dependent on the ambient conditions. High response and low noise for ultra-high-speed analyses is ensured at a response of 0.1 sec. This provides sharpness of chromatographic peaks for allowing ultra-high-speed analyses with high sensitivity. Automatic Wavelength Calibration for UV Range The detector unit has a built-in mercury lamp for checking wavelength accuracy. Using its 254nm emission line, an ultraviolet wavelength frequently selected in liquid chromatography can be checked. A total of three wavelengths are checked at a time for enhancing reliability in wide-wavelength-range analyses. Automatic lamp shutdown during inactive periods increases overall lamp life. Lamp usage is easily monitored through the front panel keypad and display. Simple programming is provided for wavelength scanning and range changes during an analytical run. Optional flowcells are available for other many applications. Long-life replacement lamps and accessories are also available ESA MODEL 530 HIGH SENSITIVITY FLUORESCENCE DETECTOR ESA’s Model 530 Fluorescence detector is designed as modular HPLC detectors Programmable Emission & Excitation Wavelengths Easy-to-use Control Pad Automatic lamp startup/shutdown Pre-aligned lamps for easy changeover Optional flowcells, Internal self-diagnostics Optimized for use with ESA Coulometric electrochemical detection The Unique Three-Dimensional Optical Alignment Technologies It is used in the Model 530 significantly reduces loss of light and provides high sensitivity in fluorescence measurement. Compounds that exhibit strong fluorescence are likely to be detected at concentrations nearly two orders of magnitude lower than UV-Vis absorbance. With this "bright" optical system, the Model 530 detector can provide a signal-to-noise ratio of over 600. The detector can be operated as stand-alone module via the supplied control pad or through integration into the EZChrom™ Elite for ESA Chromatography Data System. Automatic wavelength calibration and documentation within EZChrom™ Elite for ESA software make it easy to comply with government regulations. And, control of external device functions is provided through programmable contacts. The beam from the Xenon lamp converges on the excitation monochromator and disperses over a concave diffraction grating structured for minimal light loss. The programmed wavelength then passes through the variable exit slit. The sample in the flow cell is excited and the resulting fluorescence (emitted radiation) enters an emission monochromator. The selected emission wavelength strikes a measuring photomultiplier where the intensity of the excitation beam is measured as a function of time. Automatic lamp shutdown during inactive periods increases overall lamp life. Lamp usage is easily monitored through the front panel keypad and display. Simple programming is provided for wavelength scanning and range changes during an analytical run. Long-life replacement lamps and accessories are also available.
UV detection is the most widely used, but fails to see many compounds of interest. Other, so-called universal detectors have fallen short of the promise of combining application versatility with real performance.
Now there is an alternative unlike any other - the Corona™ Charged Aerosol Detector. Based on a unique, innovative detection method, the Corona detector offers all-in-one performance benefits that refractive index (RI), low wavelength UV, evaporative light scattering (ELS) and chemiluminescence’s nitrogen (CLN) detectors simply can't match:
Detection from Evaporative Light Scattering is based on the universal ability of particles to cause photon scattering when they traverse the path of a polychromatic beam of light. The liquid effluent from an HPLC is first nebulized and the resultant aerosol mist, containing the analyte particles, is directed through a light beam.
A signal is generated that is proportional to the mass present, and independent of the. Since essentially every compound can be separated by HPLC or micro-HPLC and detected by ELS, the ESA ChromaChem is the detector every chromatography laboratory should have.
The Chromachem Evaporative Light Scattering detector is a mass sensitive device, which provides a response directly proportional to an analyte’s mass in the sample. The presence of functional groups or chromophores are not necessary for detection. Relative amounts of compounds can be easily assessed by evaporative light scattering technology. Any non-volatile analyte can be detected and gradient elution can be employed to optimize the separation, aqueous as well as solvent based mobile phases can be used to detect compounds that are not generally "seen" by other detection techniques. This detector can be used in conjunction with mass spectrometers to provide a complete analysis of the sample.
The Chromachem's unique nebulization system and temperature controlled drift tube provides sensitivity, reliable and reproducible analysis. The unit's small footprint requires a minimum of bench space, allowing use in space limited conditions.
ESA’s Model 526 UV and Model 528 Variable Wavelength UV/VIS absorbance detectors are designed as modular HPLC detectors.
The Model 526/528 detectors provide extremely low operating noise levels to 0.6 x 10-5 AU. This performance can meet severe analytical requirements for higher sensitivity. The improved stability also ensures reliable analyses not dependent on the ambient conditions. High response and low noise for ultra-high-speed analyses is ensured at a response of 0.1 sec. This provides sharpness of chromatographic peaks for allowing ultra-high-speed analyses with high sensitivity.
The detector unit has a built-in mercury lamp for checking wavelength accuracy. Using its 254nm emission line, an ultraviolet wavelength frequently selected in liquid chromatography can be checked. A total of three wavelengths are checked at a time for enhancing reliability in wide-wavelength-range analyses.
Automatic lamp shutdown during inactive periods increases overall lamp life. Lamp usage is easily monitored through the front panel keypad and display. Simple programming is provided for wavelength scanning and range changes during an analytical run.
Optional flowcells are available for other many applications. Long-life replacement lamps and accessories are also available
ESA’s Model 530 Fluorescence detector is designed as modular HPLC detectors Programmable Emission & Excitation Wavelengths
It is used in the Model 530 significantly reduces loss of light and provides high sensitivity in fluorescence measurement. Compounds that exhibit strong fluorescence are likely to be detected at concentrations nearly two orders of magnitude lower than UV-Vis absorbance. With this "bright" optical system, the Model 530 detector can provide a signal-to-noise ratio of over 600.
The detector can be operated as stand-alone module via the supplied control pad or through integration into the EZChrom™ Elite for ESA Chromatography Data System. Automatic wavelength calibration and documentation within EZChrom™ Elite for ESA software make it easy to comply with government regulations. And, control of external device functions is provided through programmable contacts.
The beam from the Xenon lamp converges on the excitation monochromator and disperses over a concave diffraction grating structured for minimal light loss. The programmed wavelength then passes through the variable exit slit. The sample in the flow cell is excited and the resulting fluorescence (emitted radiation) enters an emission monochromator. The selected emission wavelength strikes a measuring photomultiplier where the intensity of the excitation beam is measured as a function of time.
Automatic lamp shutdown during inactive periods increases overall lamp life. Lamp usage is easily monitored through the front panel keypad and display. Simple programming is provided for wavelength scanning and range changes during an analytical run. Long-life replacement lamps and accessories are also available.
Electrochemical Cell Designs
Coulochem cells are unique in their design, employing the patented ESA flow-through porous graphite electrode. These low-volume analytical cells contain two working electrodes. The high surface area of each electrode results in 100% reaction of the electroactive compound. The first (screening) electrode can be used to eliminate potentially interfering compounds from subsequent detection at the second (analytical) electrode. COULOMETRIC DUAL-ELECTRODE CELLS Electrochemical selectivity is achieved by oxidizing or reducing many electroactive, undesirable or interfering compounds at the first electrode. Any compound with a reaction potential less than that of the compound of interest is then excluded from reacting at the analytical sensor. Additionally, many compounds can be readily oxidized and reduced in sequence. This reversal can be employed to affect even greater selectivity. For example, catecholamines are easily reversible. They may be oxidized at the first electrode and reduced at the second. The Model 5010A Standard Analytical Cell provides excellent long-term stability and day-to-day reproducibility. The large surface area of the coulometric electrodes permits long periods of operation without a reduction in signal. The Model 5011A High Sensitivity Analytical Cell is a unique combination of an enhanced response amperometric electrode (flow-through) with the screening capabilities of the coulometric electrode. This provides the highest sensitivity, selectivity and stability available in any EC detector. Application Specific Coulometric Cells In addition to the cells described above, the ESA Coulochem II Detector also has the following specialty cells available: The Model 5014B Microdialysis Cell is specially designed coulometric cell optimized and tested to ensure performance in the analysis of in-vivo microdialysis perfusates. COULOMETRIC SINGLE-ELECTRODE CELLS The Model 5020 Guard Cell is designed to withstand high pressures. It has a single large porous graphite electrode which removes electroactive impurities from the mobile phase prior to the injector, column and analytical cell. This decreases background currents and reduces baseline noise. Only ESA can offer guard cell capability. The Model 5021A Conditioning Cell provides a third electrode to add extra selectivity to the analysis and is optimized to minimize band spreading. The Model 5030 Cell is a designed for low flow applications and is optimized to minimize band spreading at flow rates of 250 µL / min or less. This makes the cell ideal for incorporation into MS, MS-MS and LC-MS systems AMPEROMETRIC ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS The Model 5040 Analytical Cell is an amperometric, thin film cell designed to be used with a variety of target electrode materials. This cell is especially useful for applications such as pulsed amperometric detection of carbohydrates and measurement of acetylcholine. The Model 5041 Enhanced Microbore Analytical Cell is an extremely low volume, thin film amperometric cell which employs a choice of working electrode surfaces. This cell is designed to be used in microbore situations which require the ultimate in mass sensitivity. ESA's recent development of a glassy carbon in a ceramic target electrode has lead to the lowest detection limits of any commercially available electrochemical detector. Amperometric Target Electrodes Target electrodes for ESA Amperometric Electrochemical cells are available for use in different applications: Glassy Carbon Gold (Au) Platinum (Pt) Silver (Ag) HPLC PUMPS AND AUTOSAMPLERS ESA Model 582 Solvent Delivery Module pump The HPLC Pump Optimized for Electrochemical Detection Dual Serial Pistons - provide low pulsation and greater seal life. Low Volume Piston Displacement - 10 µL per plunger stroke, gives a noise profile matched to electrochemical detector noise filtration. Flow Rate Range of 0.001 - 9.999 mL/minute - usable for microbore and analytical separations. Automatic Seal Wash - prolongs piston seal life for greater reliability. Enhancement Package - for reduced noise with electrochemical detection. Electronic Diagnostics - for easier maintenance. Improved Fluidics - made more reliable and easier to service High Gradient Accuracy and Precision - for greater reproducibility Model 540 HPLC Autosampler Unique Injection System - a double needle system utilizing a stainless steel needle to penetrate the septum and then second needle for sample aspiration. Three Injection Modes - flushed loop, partial loop and microliter pick-up for excellent reproducibility and no sample loss when dealing with limited sample availability. Automated Derivatization and Diluting Capabilities - flexible formats for sample preparation. Peltier Sample Temperature Control - integral heating and cooling of the sample racks. Flexible Vial Format - supports a wide range of sample vial shapes and sizes. Automatic vial sensor system detects vial presence and size. Ideal for Microdialysis studies Model 542 HPLC Autosampler The Model 542 is a feature rich, cost effective autosampler for HPLC analysis Quick-release bio-compatible injection valve Integrated column oven Integrated sample tray cooling (optional) Injection system providing zero sample loss with limited sample volumes Multiple injection modes: flushed loop, partial loop and microliter pick-up Optional sample tray formats Sample dilution, mixing and derivatization capabilities The Model 542 HPLC Autosampler is optimized for use with electrochemical detection and incorporates an integrated column oven. This compact sized unit offers many features found in other more expensive autosamplers. It incorporates three selectable injection modes: full loop, partial loopfill and microliter pick-up. Sample processing capabilities are provided for sample mixing, dilution and on-line derivatization. The integrated column oven provides temperature control up to 60° C and keeps injector to column tubing connection length to a minimum. The fluidic pathway uses biocompatible (PEEK®) components. The quick-change injection valve simplifies change-over and minimizes down time. The standard sample tray capacity is 84 - 1.8 mL sample vials and 3 - 10 mL vial positions for wash and alternate reagents. The sample tray can be cooled (refrigerated) by the addition of optional factory installed temperature control capability.
Coulochem cells are unique in their design, employing the patented ESA flow-through porous graphite electrode. These low-volume analytical cells contain two working electrodes. The high surface area of each electrode results in 100% reaction of the electroactive compound. The first (screening) electrode can be used to eliminate potentially interfering compounds from subsequent detection at the second (analytical) electrode.
Electrochemical selectivity is achieved by oxidizing or reducing many electroactive, undesirable or interfering compounds at the first electrode. Any compound with a reaction potential less than that of the compound of interest is then excluded from reacting at the analytical sensor. Additionally, many compounds can be readily oxidized and reduced in sequence. This reversal can be employed to affect even greater selectivity. For example, catecholamines are easily reversible. They may be oxidized at the first electrode and reduced at the second.
The Model 5010A Standard Analytical Cell provides excellent long-term stability and day-to-day reproducibility. The large surface area of the coulometric electrodes permits long periods of operation without a reduction in signal.
The Model 5011A High Sensitivity Analytical Cell is a unique combination of an enhanced response amperometric electrode (flow-through) with the screening capabilities of the coulometric electrode. This provides the highest sensitivity, selectivity and stability available in any EC detector.
In addition to the cells described above, the ESA Coulochem II Detector also has the following specialty cells available:
The Model 5014B Microdialysis Cell is specially designed coulometric cell optimized and tested to ensure performance in the analysis of in-vivo microdialysis perfusates.
The Model 5020 Guard Cell is designed to withstand high pressures. It has a single large porous graphite electrode which removes electroactive impurities from the mobile phase prior to the injector, column and analytical cell. This decreases background currents and reduces baseline noise. Only ESA can offer guard cell capability.
The Model 5021A Conditioning Cell provides a third electrode to add extra selectivity to the analysis and is optimized to minimize band spreading.
The Model 5030 Cell is a designed for low flow applications and is optimized to minimize band spreading at flow rates of 250 µL / min or less. This makes the cell ideal for incorporation into MS, MS-MS and LC-MS systems
The Model 5040 Analytical Cell is an amperometric, thin film cell designed to be used with a variety of target electrode materials. This cell is especially useful for applications such as pulsed amperometric detection of carbohydrates and measurement of acetylcholine.
The Model 5041 Enhanced Microbore Analytical Cell is an extremely low volume, thin film amperometric cell which employs a choice of working electrode surfaces. This cell is designed to be used in microbore situations which require the ultimate in mass sensitivity. ESA's recent development of a glassy carbon in a ceramic target electrode has lead to the lowest detection limits of any commercially available electrochemical detector.
Target electrodes for ESA Amperometric Electrochemical cells are available for use in different applications:
ESA Model 582 Solvent Delivery Module pump
The HPLC Pump Optimized for Electrochemical Detection
Model 540 HPLC Autosampler
Model 542 HPLC Autosampler
The Model 542 is a feature rich, cost effective autosampler for HPLC analysis
The Model 542 HPLC Autosampler is optimized for use with electrochemical detection and incorporates an integrated column oven. This compact sized unit offers many features found in other more expensive autosamplers. It incorporates three selectable injection modes: full loop, partial loopfill and microliter pick-up. Sample processing capabilities are provided for sample mixing, dilution and on-line derivatization.
The integrated column oven provides temperature control up to 60° C and keeps injector to column tubing connection length to a minimum. The fluidic pathway uses biocompatible (PEEK®) components. The quick-change injection valve simplifies change-over and minimizes down time. The standard sample tray capacity is 84 - 1.8 mL sample vials and 3 - 10 mL vial positions for wash and alternate reagents. The sample tray can be cooled (refrigerated) by the addition of optional factory installed temperature control capability.
Chromatography Data Systems
EZStart provides full system control and basic software for acquisition of chromatography data from a single PC workstation. What Is Ezstart™ Chromatography Data System EZStart is based on EZChrom Elite for ESA software and is the ideal solution for laboratories wanting a simple to use chromatography data system with comprehensive software features and full control of each ESA HPLC system component. Its consistent use of simple spreadsheet formats allows quick review and editing of everything from calibration tablesto instrument control programs. EZStart for ESA offers complete control of ESA HPLC system components from a single PC window. A high resolution data acquisition module is provided for collecting data from any instrument providing an analog output. Once an instrument is configured it need not be repeated. Detectors: ESA Coulochem II Single / Dual Electrode Electrochemical Detectors with data acquisition and control in DC, Pulse or Timeline modes via RS-232 and accepts analog signal input from any HPLC detector with analog signal output. Autosamplers: ESA Model 542 Autosampler- inject/start/stop, sample tray temperature, column temperature, method selection and needle wash via direct RS-232 control. Pumps: ESA Model 582 Pump- control of isocratic and dual pump gradient modes via RS-232/fiber optic link. Simple Reporting: EZStart for ESA provides a number of standard reports and permits fully customized reporting. Data Export: Anyone who has used Microsoft's Excel® will be immediately comfortable with EZStart's Data Export feature. It enables a new level of control in formatting sequence summary reports and providing results that are meaningful and complete. Simple Interface: This makes using EZStart as simple as choosing an instrument and a method, entering a sample name, and pressing "Start Run." Data Acquisition: SS420X Data acquisition module uses the same external data acquisition module as EZChrom Elite for ESA with RS-232C chromatography module control. It supports data acquisition from as many as 4 separate signals. Upgradeable:When you are ready to upgrade to the full features of EZChrom Elite for ESA, including multi-instrument control in a networked enterprise, extensive user and project administration, electronic signature, advanced reporting and audit trail functionality of the full data system, your data files and instrument configurations will be forward compatible. EZchrom Elite for Chromatography Data Systems Ease of Use: Designed for ease of use, EZChrom Elite for ESA provides Wizards that make setting up even complex methods. Its consistent use of simple spreadsheet formats allows quick review and editing of everything from calibration tables to instrument control programs. ESA HPLC System/Component Control: EZChrom Elite for ESA now offers complete control of ESA HPLC system components from a single data system. Detectors: ESA Coulochem II Single / Dual Electrode Electrochemical Detectors with data acquisition and control in DC, Pulse or Timeline modes via RS-232 and accepts analog signal input from any HPLC detector with analog signal output. Autosamplers: ESA Model 542 Autosampler- inject/start/stop, sample tray temperature, column temperature, method selection and needle wash via direct RS-232 control. Pumps: ESA Model 582 Pump- control of isocratic and dual pump gradient modes via RS-232/fiber optic link. Reporting EZChrom Elite for ESA provides a variety of reporting options. Ranging from predefined and packaged reports to fully customized reports, Custom Reports: EZChrom Elite gives full control to the user when it comes to developing a method report. Add chromatograms and reports with a click of the mouse.. Insert logos, chromatogram overlays, text boxes, or even video clips into your custom report. You have complete control over fonts, colors, orientation, and the size of items on your report. Advanced Reports: Anyone who has used Microsoft's Excel® will be immediately comfortable with EZChrom Elite's Advanced Reporting feature. Complete reporting without the use of extra programs means more efficient data management. Custom Parameters Create your own customized calculations that are automatically generated with each analysis. Custom parameters are available for reporting, export, and annotation. On-Screen Graphical Integration Programming Graphical Integration Events EZChrom Elite for ESA's graphical integration events make getting perfect peak integration easy. This provides an innovative, visual approach to data analysis. Manual integration tools like manual baseline provide added flexibility. You can even create specialized one-time integration events that are applied to a single chromatography run.. Automation Interface for Customer User Interface Automation Interface: EZChrom Elite for ESA is perfect for laboratories with large volumes of routine analyses. The Automation Interface Toolkit allows you to write your own custom user interface. This makes using EZChrom Eliteas simple as choosing an instrument and a method, entering a sample name, and pressing "Start Run." Advanced System Administration Tools: EZChrom Elitemakes setup and maintenance of laboratory projects, instruments, and users easy through the use of System Administration Wizards. Audit Trails: EZChrom Elite’s Data Audit trail includes time, user, activity (such as new analysis) and the reason and is stored as part of the data file. The audit trail can be displayed on-screen or printed. Electronic Signature: EZChrom Elite fully complies with 21 CFR Part 11 Electronic Signature in addition to the display of electronic signatures on the report, the signature information (Who, When, and Why) is stored within the data file with a CRC checksum to prevent tampering with the signature record. Acquisition Devices: EZChrom Elite for ESA provides data acquisition an external A/D with RS-232C and with sampling rates of up to 120 Hz. EZChrom Elite for ESA also supports data acquisition using signals acquired from other detection devices with analog signal outputs System Suitability: EZChrom Elite for ESA's System Suitability component is integrated directly into the chromatography data system software, enabling you to set up customized system suitability calculations and reports along with your method for maximum efficiency and ease.
EZStart provides full system control and basic software for acquisition of chromatography data from a single PC workstation.
EZStart is based on EZChrom Elite for ESA software and is the ideal solution for laboratories wanting a simple to use chromatography data system with comprehensive software features and full control of each ESA HPLC system component. Its consistent use of simple spreadsheet formats allows quick review and editing of everything from calibration tablesto instrument control programs.
EZStart for ESA offers complete control of ESA HPLC system components from a single PC window. A high resolution data acquisition module is provided for collecting data from any instrument providing an analog output. Once an instrument is configured it need not be repeated.
Detectors: ESA Coulochem II Single / Dual Electrode Electrochemical Detectors with data acquisition and control in DC, Pulse or Timeline modes via RS-232 and accepts analog signal input from any HPLC detector with analog signal output.
Autosamplers: ESA Model 542 Autosampler- inject/start/stop, sample tray temperature, column temperature, method selection and needle wash via direct RS-232 control.
Pumps: ESA Model 582 Pump- control of isocratic and dual pump gradient modes via RS-232/fiber optic link.
Simple Reporting: EZStart for ESA provides a number of standard reports and permits fully customized reporting.
Data Export: Anyone who has used Microsoft's Excel® will be immediately comfortable with EZStart's Data Export feature. It enables a new level of control in formatting sequence summary reports and providing results that are meaningful and complete.
Simple Interface: This makes using EZStart as simple as choosing an instrument and a method, entering a sample name, and pressing "Start Run."
Data Acquisition: SS420X Data acquisition module uses the same external data acquisition module as EZChrom Elite for ESA with RS-232C chromatography module control. It supports data acquisition from as many as 4 separate signals.
Upgradeable:When you are ready to upgrade to the full features of EZChrom Elite for ESA, including multi-instrument control in a networked enterprise, extensive user and project administration, electronic signature, advanced reporting and audit trail functionality of the full data system, your data files and instrument configurations will be forward compatible.
Ease of Use: Designed for ease of use, EZChrom Elite for ESA provides Wizards that make setting up even complex methods. Its consistent use of simple spreadsheet formats allows quick review and editing of everything from calibration tables to instrument control programs.
ESA HPLC System/Component Control: EZChrom Elite for ESA now offers complete control of ESA HPLC system components from a single data system.
Reporting EZChrom Elite for ESA provides a variety of reporting options. Ranging from predefined and packaged reports to fully customized reports,
Custom Reports: EZChrom Elite gives full control to the user when it comes to developing a method report. Add chromatograms and reports with a click of the mouse.. Insert logos, chromatogram overlays, text boxes, or even video clips into your custom report. You have complete control over fonts, colors, orientation, and the size of items on your report.
Advanced Reports: Anyone who has used Microsoft's Excel® will be immediately comfortable with EZChrom Elite's Advanced Reporting feature. Complete reporting without the use of extra programs means more efficient data management.
Custom Parameters Create your own customized calculations that are automatically generated with each analysis. Custom parameters are available for reporting, export, and annotation.
On-Screen Graphical Integration Programming
Graphical Integration Events EZChrom Elite for ESA's graphical integration events make getting perfect peak integration easy. This provides an innovative, visual approach to data analysis. Manual integration tools like manual baseline provide added flexibility. You can even create specialized one-time integration events that are applied to a single chromatography run..
Automation Interface for Customer User Interface
Automation Interface: EZChrom Elite for ESA is perfect for laboratories with large volumes of routine analyses. The Automation Interface Toolkit allows you to write your own custom user interface. This makes using EZChrom Eliteas simple as choosing an instrument and a method, entering a sample name, and pressing "Start Run."
Advanced System Administration Tools: EZChrom Elitemakes setup and maintenance of laboratory projects, instruments, and users easy through the use of System Administration Wizards.
Audit Trails: EZChrom Elite’s Data Audit trail includes time, user, activity (such as new analysis) and the reason and is stored as part of the data file. The audit trail can be displayed on-screen or printed.
Electronic Signature: EZChrom Elite fully complies with 21 CFR Part 11 Electronic Signature in addition to the display of electronic signatures on the report, the signature information (Who, When, and Why) is stored within the data file with a CRC checksum to prevent tampering with the signature record.
Acquisition Devices: EZChrom Elite for ESA provides data acquisition an external A/D with RS-232C and with sampling rates of up to 120 Hz. EZChrom Elite for ESA also supports data acquisition using signals acquired from other detection devices with analog signal outputs
System Suitability: EZChrom Elite for ESA's System Suitability component is integrated directly into the chromatography data system software, enabling you to set up customized system suitability calculations and reports along with your method for maximum efficiency and ease.
Blood Test for Lead Poisoning
LeadCare system, a simple, foolproof way to perform blood lead measurements using a finger stick or venous sample. No more waiting days for expensive lab analyses. You get quantitative blood lead results equivalent to those reported by outside laboratories in just three minutes. Lead Poisoning and Blood Lead Testing The LeadCare System is for the determination of lead in whole blood. When you test young patients for lead levels, you want fast, accurate, inexpensive results. You want the A LeadCare system analysis costs far less than you'd pay an outside laboratory, and it qualifies for reimbursement as a quantitative blood lead. You'll also cut your staff's result-tracking and administrative time. You'll save your patients days of possibly needless worry plus the time-consuming inconvenience and cost of a return visit. Blood lead measurement couldn't be easier. LeadCare is easy and safe to use. The hand-held analyzer is portable and requires neither manual calibration nor refrigeration. Its unique gold electrode sensor contains no mercury or other toxic materials. The point-of-care LeadCare system was developed by ESA and Andcare with a grant from the CDC. It's the diagnostic tool which makes sense medically and economically. ESA has developed multiple solutions for the detection of Lead poisoning LeadCare® Portable Blood Lead Analyzer Model 3010B Clinical Blood Lead Analysis System Laboratory Analysis Service LeadCare® Childhood Blood Lead Testing STEP ONE: Draw a capillary or venous blood sample using EDTA or heparin as anticoagulants STEP TWO: Using the pipette provided with the kit, dispense 50 µl, about two drops of blood, into the reagent and mix. STEP THREE: Transfer it to the sensor strip. Press the button. Just three minutes later, you have your result. Accuracy in blood lead testing LeadCare System vs. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy performed at a major lead outreach and referral clinic/hospital Number of Samples: 112Slope: 1.07Intercept: -0.57 µg/dlCorrelation coefficient: 0.97 Lead analysis Lead analysis in your laboratory reduces turn-around time, cuts costs and generates revenue while providing a needed service for your community. Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) Using ASV and 30 years of experience, ESA makes blood lead analysis rapid and routine, without the high costs of other analytical methods. The system incorporates trace metal-free pre-packaged reagents and unique instrumentation. The Instrument: The Model 3010B consists of two components—sensing and electronics. The sensing unit includes a test electrode, a stirring assembly and two electrodes that carry current and regulate potential. This process is the heart of the ASV system. The electronics unit controls the analysis cycle, sorts the electronic signals and calculates the results. Model 3010B Features Rapid Analysis— only 90 second/sample No Special Laboratory Setup—unlike AA and ICP/MS, no hoods, gases or flames are required Small Footprint Low Reagent Costs— only prepackaged reagents needed Highly skilled operators not required Reimbursable as a quantitative blood lead The Reagents Metexchange® kits include chemical pretreatment reagents, calibrators, controls and performance verification mixtures. The unique Metexchange pretreatment reagent eliminates the necessity of performing acid digestion. Reagents come premeasured in easy to use snap cap vials. All reagents are manufactured and available from one source — ESA ESA Clinical Laboratory Services ESA's Laboratory Analysis Service has been providing rapid and accurate blood lead and protoporphyrin analyses to the pediatric and industrial communities for more than 30 years. ESA's Laboratory is a CLIA Certified, OSHA Approved, and Massachusetts Licensed Clinical Laboratory. In 1972, when the DHEW, pre-CDC, contracted a laboratory to provide the Central Laboratory with "micro" blood lead sampling and analytical services to evaluate the extent of Pediatric Blood Lead Poisoning in the United States, ESA was that laboratory. Since the beginning of the program, ESA has served, and continues to serve, as one of the Reference (Target-Value-Setting) Laboratories for the blood lead proficiency testing programs operated by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the CDC Center for Environmental Health (contracted to the University of Wisconsin for execution). Blood Lead ESA was the original reference lab for blood lead for the CDC and continues in that capacity today. The laboratory is also OSHA approved and performs this service for industrially exposed populations. CoEnzyme Q9 and Q10 in Plasma both the oxidized and reduced forms are measured by this method. Fat Soluble Vitamins Using ESA’s CoulArray® technology, serum or plasma is simultaneously analyzed for vitamin A (Retinol), b-Carotene, Lycopene, d-Tocopherol, CoEnzyme Q10, Retinyl Palmitate, Lutein, alpha-Tocopherol, and gamma-Tocopherol. This assay has been used successfully by ESAL on the NIST Micronutrient Measurement Quality Assurance Program (M2QAP) Round Robin. Plasma Catecholamines ESAL’s method can detect low levels (20 pg/mL) of dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine in sample volumes of less than 1 mL. Plasma Metanephrines ESA has received FDA approval for this clinical test. Vitamin C in Plasma ascorbic acid is measured in this assay. Vitamin D3 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D3 (25-HOD3) is the primary circulating form of vitamin D in humans. The plasma level of 25-HOD3 is generally considered to be the most reliable index of Vitamin D status. This method has been used for clinical trials. Vitamin K1 Phylloquinone is an important fat soluble vitamin involved in coagulation. This assay for K1 in plasma has been utilized in clinical trials. Total CoEnzyme Q10 CoEnzyme Q10 has always been part of the Vitascan® assay. This new simplified assay measures total CoQ10.
LeadCare system, a simple, foolproof way to perform blood lead measurements using a finger stick or venous sample. No more waiting days for expensive lab analyses. You get quantitative blood lead results equivalent to those reported by outside laboratories in just three minutes.
The LeadCare System is for the determination of lead in whole blood. When you test young patients for lead levels, you want fast, accurate, inexpensive results. You want the A LeadCare system analysis costs far less than you'd pay an outside laboratory, and it qualifies for reimbursement as a quantitative blood lead. You'll also cut your staff's result-tracking and administrative time. You'll save your patients days of possibly needless worry plus the time-consuming inconvenience and cost of a return visit. Blood lead measurement couldn't be easier.
LeadCare is easy and safe to use. The hand-held analyzer is portable and requires neither manual calibration nor refrigeration. Its unique gold electrode sensor contains no mercury or other toxic materials. The point-of-care LeadCare system was developed by ESA and Andcare with a grant from the CDC. It's the diagnostic tool which makes sense medically and economically.
ESA has developed multiple solutions for the detection of Lead poisoning
STEP ONE: Draw a capillary or venous blood sample using EDTA or heparin as anticoagulants
STEP TWO: Using the pipette provided with the kit, dispense 50 µl, about two drops of blood, into the reagent and mix.
STEP THREE: Transfer it to the sensor strip. Press the button. Just three minutes later, you have your result.
LeadCare System vs. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy performed at a major lead outreach and referral clinic/hospital
Number of Samples: 112Slope: 1.07Intercept: -0.57 µg/dlCorrelation coefficient: 0.97
Lead analysis in your laboratory reduces turn-around time, cuts costs and generates revenue while providing a needed service for your community.
Using ASV and 30 years of experience, ESA makes blood lead analysis rapid and routine, without the high costs of other analytical methods. The system incorporates trace metal-free pre-packaged reagents and unique instrumentation.
The Instrument: The Model 3010B consists of two components—sensing and electronics. The sensing unit includes a test electrode, a stirring assembly and two electrodes that carry current and regulate potential. This process is the heart of the ASV system. The electronics unit controls the analysis cycle, sorts the electronic signals and calculates the results.
Model 3010B Features
Metexchange® kits include chemical pretreatment reagents, calibrators, controls and performance verification mixtures. The unique Metexchange pretreatment reagent eliminates the necessity of performing acid digestion. Reagents come premeasured in easy to use snap cap vials. All reagents are manufactured and available from one source — ESA
ESA's Laboratory Analysis Service has been providing rapid and accurate blood lead and protoporphyrin analyses to the pediatric and industrial communities for more than 30 years. ESA's Laboratory is a CLIA Certified, OSHA Approved, and Massachusetts Licensed Clinical Laboratory. In 1972, when the DHEW, pre-CDC, contracted a laboratory to provide the Central Laboratory with "micro" blood lead sampling and analytical services to evaluate the extent of Pediatric Blood Lead Poisoning in the United States, ESA was that laboratory. Since the beginning of the program, ESA has served, and continues to serve, as one of the Reference (Target-Value-Setting) Laboratories for the blood lead proficiency testing programs operated by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the CDC Center for Environmental Health (contracted to the University of Wisconsin for execution).
Blood Lead ESA was the original reference lab for blood lead for the CDC and continues in that capacity today. The laboratory is also OSHA approved and performs this service for industrially exposed populations.
CoEnzyme Q9 and Q10 in Plasma both the oxidized and reduced forms are measured by this method.
Fat Soluble Vitamins Using ESA’s CoulArray® technology, serum or plasma is simultaneously analyzed for vitamin A (Retinol), b-Carotene, Lycopene, d-Tocopherol, CoEnzyme Q10, Retinyl Palmitate, Lutein, alpha-Tocopherol, and gamma-Tocopherol. This assay has been used successfully by ESAL on the NIST Micronutrient Measurement Quality Assurance Program (M2QAP) Round Robin.
Plasma Catecholamines ESAL’s method can detect low levels (20 pg/mL) of dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine in sample volumes of less than 1 mL.
Plasma Metanephrines ESA has received FDA approval for this clinical test.
Vitamin C in Plasma ascorbic acid is measured in this assay.
Vitamin D3 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D3 (25-HOD3) is the primary circulating form of vitamin D in humans. The plasma level of 25-HOD3 is generally considered to be the most reliable index of Vitamin D status. This method has been used for clinical trials.
Vitamin K1 Phylloquinone is an important fat soluble vitamin involved in coagulation. This assay for K1 in plasma has been utilized in clinical trials.
Total CoEnzyme Q10 CoEnzyme Q10 has always been part of the Vitascan® assay. This new simplified assay measures total CoQ10.
Metabolome
Metabolic profiling, the elucidation of the small molecule components of a cell, tissue or organism, has emerged as a useful technique in such diverse fields as drug discovery, clinical diagnostics and plant biochemistry. With the recognition that there is additional information in systems integration, the terms Genomics and Proteomics have been coined to describe the information contained in the complement of genes and proteins. In a like manner, the information gleaned from endogenous metabolic profiling has been described as the Metabolome. Many additional terms have entered the lexicon describing specific uses of such data, such as Molecular Proteomics™ and Metabonomics. Despite confusion about the exact meaning of such terms, it is clear that there is valuable information contained in metabolic profiling or Metabolomics. The small molecule inventory (SMI) or Metabolome is a pattern of molecules that reflects the cell’s status. It is the totality of metabolic processes including anabolism and catabolism, as well as all the related cellular processes such as absorption, distribution, and detoxification of natural and xenobiotic materials, energy utilization, signal transduction, and regulation. Metabolome represents the current status of the cell or tissue. Metabolome - a powerful portrait reflecting health, disease, ageing and the effects of drugs and the environment ESA for Metabolomic Profiling Two major challenges have been recognized in the field of Metabolomics: Incredibly large data sets make it difficult to find relevant data on marker compounds. The ESA Metabolomics System® addresses both problems by taking advantage of the central position of Redox Biochemistry in the biological process. The Metabolomics System® utilizes the redox process much greater than MS or NMR. By nature, the Metabolomics System is a "relevance filter" that eliminates constitutive compounds and quantifies redox active components at high sensitivity. Metabolomics® System For Identification and Measurement of Physiologically Relevant Small Molecules The ESA Metabolomics® System provides the ability to study a variety of molecules quickly and accurately: Measure Large Numbers of Molecules Simultaneously Assess and Measure Xenobiotics and their effects Compounds, Metabolites and Endogenous Compounds Compatible with Pattern Recognition Software Study Patterns of Individual Markers ESA has applied its unique products and bioanalytical expertise to provide a new tool to easily measure a wide variety of physiologically relevant molecules. This system is compatible with both in vitro and in vivo experimental methods and can be used to simultaneously monitor both drug compounds and endogenous organic molecules. Monitoring and Assessing the Molecular Response for Maintaining Proper Physiological Function To fully understand and appreciate a biological system also requires an understanding of the small organic molecules (anti-oxidants, enzyme co-factors, cellular metabolites, vitamins, etc.) responsible for the maintenance of routine physiological functions. Changes in the levels of these molecules caused by disease or external stimuli can play an important role in the development or progression of disease and in adverse drug effects. Applications for the ESA Metabolomics System Easily Identify and Quantify Potential Surrogate Marker Compounds Study the Multivariant Effects of External Stimuli on Biological Systems Identify and Measure the Effects of Even Small Perturbations Using In Vitro or In Vivo Biological Systems Rapidly Correlate and Recognize "Normal", "Diseased" and "Treated" Patterns of Molecules Easily Integrate Mass Spectrometry for Compound Identification Compatible with BioInformatics Software The ESA Metabolomics® System consists of: A 16-channel CoulArray® Coulometric Array Detector for full Electrochemical Profiles Binary Gradient Solvent Delivery (dual - Model 582 Pumps) Cooled Autosampler (Model 542) with 84-96 sample capacity CoulArray for Windows-32® Software for full system control InfoMetrix Pirouette® Software for Principle Component Analysis and Pattern Recognition* Interface Hardware to MS and LC-MS METABONOMICS Metabonomics is a technique for examining dynamic changes in the Metabolome. This approach may be of utility in the Drug Discovery process. By profiling the Metabolome changes related to Xenobiotic intervention, it is possible to generate information about the overall systems response to such challenges. The ESA Metabonomics® System can rapidly assess changes in the endogenous metabolite profile in response to external stimuli with high sensitivity and with discrimination that provides data on relevant molecules only. ESA Coulochem III® for MS For control of an electrochemical reactor placed in-line with your MS System The Coulochem® III System for MS: Controls reaction cell potential Monitors resulting currents for reaction verification Controls external devices Functions in DC and Pulse modes Is compatible with any MS system Can be used as a high sensitivity electrochemical detector ESA has created the Coulochem III® MS System as a platform to perform controlled electrochemical reactions on analytes in a flowing stream directly connected to a Mass Spectrometer. The Coulochem III - MS System offers: Controlled electrochemical analyte reactions Enhanced ionization for greater sensitivity On-line nanosynthesis Rapid, high efficiency redox conversion It helps us to: Study electrochemical processes Mimic biological redox processes Effect specific peptide/protein cleavage Characterize real-time homo and heterogenous electron transfer processes Aid in Drug Discovery and Early ADME/Tox Electrochemical Ionization Uncharged species will not produce a signal when using only mass spec. By adding an EC reactor on-line before the mass spec, molecules can be modified to produce an ion. This results in enhanced signal and lower limits of detection. Soft Spots Data produced with the EC-MS approach is useful in: Predicting molecular “soft spots” Aiding in predicting stability Guiding drug candidate selection Predicting metabolic activation and production of toxic metabolites.
Metabolic profiling, the elucidation of the small molecule components of a cell, tissue or organism, has emerged as a useful technique in such diverse fields as drug discovery, clinical diagnostics and plant biochemistry. With the recognition that there is additional information in systems integration, the terms Genomics and Proteomics have been coined to describe the information contained in the complement of genes and proteins. In a like manner, the information gleaned from endogenous metabolic profiling has been described as the Metabolome. Many additional terms have entered the lexicon describing specific uses of such data, such as Molecular Proteomics™ and Metabonomics. Despite confusion about the exact meaning of such terms, it is clear that there is valuable information contained in metabolic profiling or Metabolomics.
The small molecule inventory (SMI) or Metabolome is a pattern of molecules that reflects the cell’s status. It is the totality of metabolic processes including anabolism and catabolism, as well as all the related cellular processes such as absorption, distribution, and detoxification of natural and xenobiotic materials, energy utilization, signal transduction, and regulation. Metabolome represents the current status of the cell or tissue.
Two major challenges have been recognized in the field of Metabolomics: Incredibly large data sets make it difficult to find relevant data on marker compounds. The ESA Metabolomics System® addresses both problems by taking advantage of the central position of Redox Biochemistry in the biological process.
The Metabolomics System® utilizes the redox process much greater than MS or NMR. By nature, the Metabolomics System is a "relevance filter" that eliminates constitutive compounds and quantifies redox active components at high sensitivity.
For Identification and Measurement of Physiologically Relevant Small Molecules
The ESA Metabolomics® System provides the ability to study a variety of molecules quickly and accurately:
ESA has applied its unique products and bioanalytical expertise to provide a new tool to easily measure a wide variety of physiologically relevant molecules. This system is compatible with both in vitro and in vivo experimental methods and can be used to simultaneously monitor both drug compounds and endogenous organic molecules.
Monitoring and Assessing the Molecular Response for Maintaining Proper Physiological Function
To fully understand and appreciate a biological system also requires an understanding of the small organic molecules (anti-oxidants, enzyme co-factors, cellular metabolites, vitamins, etc.) responsible for the maintenance of routine physiological functions. Changes in the levels of these molecules caused by disease or external stimuli can play an important role in the development or progression of disease and in adverse drug effects.
Applications for the ESA Metabolomics System
The ESA Metabolomics® System consists of:
Metabonomics is a technique for examining dynamic changes in the Metabolome. This approach may be of utility in the Drug Discovery process. By profiling the Metabolome changes related to Xenobiotic intervention, it is possible to generate information about the overall systems response to such challenges.
The ESA Metabonomics® System can rapidly assess changes in the endogenous metabolite profile in response to external stimuli with high sensitivity and with discrimination that provides data on relevant molecules only.
For control of an electrochemical reactor placed in-line with your MS System
The Coulochem® III System for MS:
ESA has created the Coulochem III® MS System as a platform to perform controlled electrochemical reactions on analytes in a flowing stream directly connected to a Mass Spectrometer.
The Coulochem III - MS System offers:
It helps us to:
Uncharged species will not produce a signal when using only mass spec. By adding an EC reactor on-line before the mass spec, molecules can be modified to produce an ion. This results in enhanced signal and lower limits of detection.
Soft Spots
Data produced with the EC-MS approach is useful in:
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