Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Despite the recent advances in treatment, there are limited options that allow a chance of cure for this disease. Surgical resection or liver transplantation are most often used as a curative strategy, but only a small proportion of the HCC population can receive these treatments due to multifocal tumor lesions or an underlying poor hepatic function. In the past decades, HCC with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) has been a treatment challenge, because most cases are either unresectable or diYcult to treat with locoregional therapy.

Reprinted with Permission from Springer's Open Choice