Nanogold® Cluster, Photobleaching, Fluorescein, Confocal Microscope, Antibody Fragments, Multicolor Labeling, Specimen Perturbation, Colloidal Gold Probes, Gold Moiety, Lipoimmunoassays, Silver Enhancement, Gold Cluster Label, Autometallography, Immunogold Reagents
Nanogold® Cluster, Photobleaching, Fluorescein, Confocal Microscope, Antibody Fragments
FLUORONANOGOLD FluoroNanogold is a new immunoprobe which contains both a fluorescent label and the Nanogold® cluster. FluoroNanogold is now available with Alexa Fluor®* 488 or Alexa Fluor®* 594, giving you the benefits of brighter fluorescence, reduced photobleaching, and compatibility with a wider pH range, or in its original formulation with fluorescein as the fluorophore. FluoroNanogold is offered in 1 mL or the more affordable 0.5 mL size By combining gold and fluorescence into one probe, the same specimen may be imaged using both fluorescence microscopy (e.g., with a confocal microscope) and at the ultrastructural level by electron microscopy. Unlike colloidal golds, which have been found to quench fluorescence, Nanogold® shows little effect. All components are covalently attached to ensure stability and long shelf life. Fab' antibody fragments are much smaller probes than IgG conjugates, and have shown excellent penetration into cells and nuclei. FluoroNanogold conjugates are chromatographically purified to eliminate any aggregates, free gold or unattached fluorescent molecules. Features of FluoroNanogold Unprecedented correlation between fluorescence and EM data. Single labeling procedure means less chance for specimen perturbation. Choice of new fluorophores for brighter fluorescence, lower background and multicolor labeling. Same excellent penetration as found with Nanogold®: much better than 5 and 10 nm colloidal gold probes. FluoroNanogold probes are smaller than IgG conjugates. Covalent coupling of both labels gives stability and long shelf life. Conjugates are stable and fluorescent at a wide range of pH and ionic strengths. GOLDEN LIPIDS Gold lipids are another unique product from Nanoprobes. Each lipid molecule is covalently linked to a Nanogold® or undecagold cluster through its polar head group. Since the gold moiety is hydrophilic, these molecules retain the amphiphilic nature of the parent lipid, and behave like fatty acids or phopholipids. They may be used to study membranes by incorporation into the lipid phase, or they may be used to gold-label micelles and vesicles so that they can be identified and visualized. The gold labels may be visualized directly by EM. Using silver enhancement, they may be seen in the light microscope, or by eye in lipoimmunoassays and similar applications. Features Discrete single molecules with one lipid to one gold cluster label. Covalent attachment ensures consistent structure and properties. Stable, long shelf life. Soluble in organic solvents and alcohols for easy incorporation into liposomes. Silver Enhancement and Amplification: Autometallography Metal particles can nucleate the highly specific deposition of silver from an appropriate silver salt solution in the presence of a suitable reducing agent. The silver coated gold particle then catalyzes more silver deposition and the silver grains grow in size. In this way even small gold particles such as Nanogold® may be enlarged up to 30 to 100 nm in size, resulting in greatly enhanced visibility by electron microscopy, dark staining in the light microscope and the ultrasensitive visualization of antigens on blots and in gels. Nanoprobes offers two silver enhancers with complementary properties: HQ Silver and LI Silver. Features of Nanoprobes Silver Enhancers HQ Silver Unique formulation for the best possible results with Nanogold® in critical applications, particularly in the electron microscope. Slightly light sensitive: should be used in indirect light or with a SafeLight (For a comparison with other silver enhancers, see: Humbel, B. M., et al.: J. Histochem. Cytochem., 43, 735-737 (1995). For uses, see: Baude, A., et al.: Neuroscience, 69, 1031-1055 (1997)). Neutral pH for excellent preservation of structural integrity. Protective thickening agent for the most uniform, reproducible particle size distribution. Low background. Compatible with all immunogold reagents. Best for electron microscopy.
FluoroNanogold is a new immunoprobe which contains both a fluorescent label and the Nanogold® cluster. FluoroNanogold is now available with Alexa Fluor®* 488 or Alexa Fluor®* 594, giving you the benefits of brighter fluorescence, reduced photobleaching, and compatibility with a wider pH range, or in its original formulation with fluorescein as the fluorophore. FluoroNanogold is offered in 1 mL or the more affordable 0.5 mL size
By combining gold and fluorescence into one probe, the same specimen may be imaged using both fluorescence microscopy (e.g., with a confocal microscope) and at the ultrastructural level by electron microscopy. Unlike colloidal golds, which have been found to quench fluorescence, Nanogold® shows little effect. All components are covalently attached to ensure stability and long shelf life. Fab' antibody fragments are much smaller probes than IgG conjugates, and have shown excellent penetration into cells and nuclei. FluoroNanogold conjugates are chromatographically purified to eliminate any aggregates, free gold or unattached fluorescent molecules.
Features of FluoroNanogold
Gold lipids are another unique product from Nanoprobes. Each lipid molecule is covalently linked to a Nanogold® or undecagold cluster through its polar head group. Since the gold moiety is hydrophilic, these molecules retain the amphiphilic nature of the parent lipid, and behave like fatty acids or phopholipids. They may be used to study membranes by incorporation into the lipid phase, or they may be used to gold-label micelles and vesicles so that they can be identified and visualized. The gold labels may be visualized directly by EM. Using silver enhancement, they may be seen in the light microscope, or by eye in lipoimmunoassays and similar applications.
Features
Silver Enhancement and Amplification: Autometallography
Metal particles can nucleate the highly specific deposition of silver from an appropriate silver salt solution in the presence of a suitable reducing agent. The silver coated gold particle then catalyzes more silver deposition and the silver grains grow in size. In this way even small gold particles such as Nanogold® may be enlarged up to 30 to 100 nm in size, resulting in greatly enhanced visibility by electron microscopy, dark staining in the light microscope and the ultrasensitive visualization of antigens on blots and in gels. Nanoprobes offers two silver enhancers with complementary properties: HQ Silver and LI Silver.
Features of Nanoprobes Silver Enhancers
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